Intrusion Detection System Essay Example for Free

Intrusion Detection System Essay Introduction There are several security systems that were developed to resolve serious issues pertaining to the safety of a particular network or organization structure. Malicious attempts to access and make use of such systems without permission from the owner of the said network have been damaging to numerous businesses and have exposed a lot of highly confidential files. As a result, more money has been lost and profits have been decreased greatly. However, many companies are still clueless about the ways on how to stop this information technology theft and the computer hackers continue to proliferate from this illegal works. One of the solutions that are currently available to resolve the abovementioned problems is to utilize a software-based intrusion detection method. This can also be a mixture of both hardware and software implementation dedicated to stop any unwanted access to information by any user attempting to get in on the said system. It is also intended for detection of any malicious wares that is being injected into the computer system. In addition to that, any attack even from authorized personnel who deliberately destroys the files and data in the network are also being identified by the said infringement recognition scheme. There are several modules that are being integrated to establish an intrusion detection system. One of the major parts of an intrusion detection system is the transducer. These transducers are devices that are responsible for producing logic information on the system. Its major role lies on the sensitivity of the said sensors being used for detecting such harmful files or manipulations. Another module that is a part of the anti-intrusion scheme is the monitoring system that is in charge of controlling the transducers or sensors. It also provides periodic observation of any event that occurs on the area covered by the system. The next module that completes the intrusion detection system is the central processing structure. This records the observed events by the monitoring system and processes the appropriate response for the said network stimulus. This also decides if there will be approval or denial of access and service. Anti-Intrusion Scheme Terminologies There are terminologies that are associated with the intrusion detection system. Alarm or alert is a term used if there is an attack detected by the system. True attack stimulus is a phrase that is used to describe an incident that causes the anti-intrusion system to send an alarm signal and respond accordingly similar to the real aggression happening. False attack stimulus, on the other hand, is used when the intrusion detection scheme produces an alert response even when there is no attack occurring. False positive is the phrase used to describe when an alarm was made by the system even there is no actual system attack occurring while False negative is used when there is a failure on the part of the system to detect an actual assault on the system. Noise is the term used that interferes the original data and that can cause false alarm on the system. Another terminology used in the system is the site policy wherein it includes the guidelines and regulations that covers the entire organization that has an intrusion detection system. Site policy consciousness is the terminology used to describe the ability of an anti-intrusion scheme in a continuous changing environment. Intrusion Detection System Types Several variations of intrusion detection scheme were already developed and each has its distinct approach and modules like sensors, processors, and monitor devices. Each type has its own system processes depending on the need of the corresponding network being served by the said computer security systems set-up. Hybrid types or combination of two types is also being used by some networks to establish their need for network security system. Classification of Intrusion Detection System Source: www. windowsecurity. com Network Intrusion Detection System A network intrusion detection scheme is a type of an anti-intrusion arrangement where the transducers are strategically located in critical points being covered by the system. Particular borders are also recognized on the network systems that are considered prone to malevolent traffic flow of information. Protocol-Based Intrusion System The protocol-based intrusion scheme is a network intrusion category that processes on the protocols for any improper or unlawful message flow or any sort of unlawful access of the network. The sensors used with this type of system are placed at the front section of the server network to be able to analyze communication protocols between connected computer devices. In a web-based network, the protocol being observed is on the internet protocols being used to interconnect the said system set-up with other networks also linked to the internet. Application Protocol-Based Intrusion Detection System This type of anti-intrusion set-up comprises of approaches where the monitoring system is focused on a specific type of protocols particularly under the highest layer in the OSI model which is the application layer. This scrutinizes the application layer software being used in the system against any sort of illegal activities that can be damaging to the system as a whole. Host-Based Intrusion System The hot-based intrusion system focuses all the monitoring efforts on the activities made by the hosts where various software installations are located. It also looks on application logs and other file variations for any intrusion states. Passive System against Reactive System A passive anti-intrusion system provides an alert signal once a particular sensor detected a likely network security violation. It also log important information related to the said detection for future references on the said intrusion attempt. On the other hand, a reactive intrusion detection system provides a more responsive approach on the network infringement attempt on the set-up. The said reactive system makes some real-time adjustments to counter the said intrusion like resetting the link or the firewall program that would be necessary to maintain the security within the network. Such adjustments occur instantly, depending upon the pre-programmed responses of the intrusion system on the said network infringements. An intrusion prevention system differs a lot from a conventional intrusion detection system because the first looks for any possibility of harming the system before the subjected program or software enter the system while the latter only detects for the any possible intrusion after the entrance of the said suspicious programs. With the use of firewalls, they filter the programs that might pose risks on the network and denying access from any unknown sources or unreliable hosts. Invasion prevention scheme can also be classified under a specific firewall application layer. Intrusion detection structure uses two common methods in detecting any anomaly in the system. One of these methods includes the statistical process of determining whether a network infringement occurred in the system. This approach is called statistical anomaly-based technique. Another method that is also being employed in the intrusion recognition system is the signature-based technique. Under this approach, any network attack is being recognized through familiar patterns which are acknowledged as system attack signatures. Many of these identified attack signatures are being held in the database of a computer system for future references and further detection will be much easier for detection of these familiar network intruders. Moreover, the lists of these signatures are continuously being renewed to ensure the validity of the threat signatures on the system. All intrusion detection modules have constraints in their overall routine and efficiency in performing its duties to detect network anomalies in the system. One of the limitations that hinder the effect of anti-network hacking system is the noise that degrades the reliability and sensitivity of many of the intrusion detection schemes. There is also inherent noise on the system that should be controlled to be able to produce better detection results. Corrupt data and inefficient recognition of potential intruders are some of the problems resulting from the proliferation of noise in the entire network security set-up. Another problem is that real threats on the network system occurs less frequent compared to invalid risks that also appear on the system. Because of this, anti-intrusion systems sometimes neglect the real warnings and looked at it as another false attack where problems begin to propagate. The next limitation is on the need for regular updating of threat signatures. Without such efforts, some agents that causes harm to the entire system would easily passed on the security line because the said network anti-infringement scheme do not have the update information on the current or new harmful agents that might inflict damage to the system. Anti-intrusion techniques can also be bypassed by other means and this can be done on several ways. One of the techniques is to develop more network attack procedures as a product of thorough research on the current protection systems. Loopholes in the anti-intrusion schemes are also valid grounds for development of new approaches on how to circumvent the security hurdles implemented by the said anti-intrusion procedures. (www. ) Developments on Intrusion Detection System A lot of advancements in the field of intrusion recognition system are being made to resolve the key issues in the said system. Various ideas continuously undergoes experimentation for further testing and implementation once the test results appear to have passed all the standards set by the authorized technical agencies. One key development in the field of network security system is the inclusion of access logs for to be able to trace any anomaly that occurred during the entire operation of the network. In the year 1984, another valid finding was made with regards to the possibility of network attack anomalies with the increasing amount of memory being used. It was stated that the need for more resources that can be used to scan and monitor the entire system. Two years after, a model was structured and made available by a computer network professional defining the over-all composition of an anti-intrusion scheme. This model was adapted by many companies and implemented on their own respective systems. The model utilized appropriate mathematical tools that analyze data statistically. Neural complex algorithm is also being integrated into the anti-intrusion structure to have a more interactive approach in dealing with network violators. This neural set-up poses more advantages compared to the mathematical approaches. (www. windowsecurity. com) Conclusion Intrusion detection system plays a vital role in managing a network communications structure of companies. Though the scheme has complexities in terms of the processes and the modules included in it, the anti-intrusion system still has greater benefits compared to the aforementioned intricacies of the said system. Various developments are still under way in order to enhance the procedures of detecting network anomalies that are trying to implicate the system. Competent people should also be assigned on this task of monitoring the flow of the network because much responsibility is assigned on maintaining the entire system hack-free. Continuous upgrading on the approach should also be made regularly to ensure that they are in pace with the network violators and its illegal schemes to get access on the confidential data and files of a network. Moreover, system hardware and software should also be updated on a regular basis to avoid lapses on its primary function as an anti-network infringement system. References Intrusion Detection Scheme. Retrieved on April 26, 2009, Retrieved from www. windowsecurity. com Elson D. : â€Å"Intrusion Detection, Theory and Practice. Retrieved on April 27, 2009. Retrieved from http://online. securityfocus. com Frederick K. K. : Network Intrusion Detection. Retrieved on , April 28, 2009. Get well soon www. webonline. securityfocus. com.

Invasion of Privacy Essay Example for Free

Invasion of Privacy Essay While straightening your teenagers room, a book falls on the floor. You pick it up and see that it is her diary. As a parent, do you have the right to read it? Would it matter if you found the diary outside her room? Is it okay to read the diary if you suspect there is problem your teen is not telling you about? As a child, did you ever go into your parents room (without permission) and snoop around? Was that an invasion of their privacy? Did you find anything you werent supposed to? Did you learn from it? Did you tell them? You have every right to read your childs diary whether its found in the laundry or their bedroom. There is nothing wrong with knowing what your child is thinking, the changes that they are experiencing, or perhaps any troubling matters they dont feel they can approach one of their parents with. Consider yourself lucky you found it. Invasion of privacy? I dont think so; it could save their life. As long as your child is living at home with you, yes, you should read her diary entries. You are there to protect your child not only from outside influences but also from herself. If it means going through their belongings then so be it. When they move out and establish lives of their own, this is when you give up certain rights as parents, including reading their diaries. I guess my term is not snooping; it is monitoring your children. My parents monitor me. There is nothing in my room that my mother does not have access to. It is unacceptable for anyone to hide anything in our house. And, she monitors which people I hang out with. Granted, I didnt appreciate it for a while, but as some of her NO WAY choices started ending up hurting me, or others, I knew she had my best interest at heart, and wasnt trying to sabotage my life. I agree that its okay to go through your kid’s belongings. What should be done if you are going through it and you find something inappropriate, you find some roundabout way to bring it up to your child and see if they open up about it. By no means do you say, Oh, I was in your room snooping and found this or that. You have to protect your kids. Sometimes they will get into the habit of believing everything their friends say, not thinking that their mom or dad have been through or experienced just about everything theyre going through and have the wisdom to help them out in certain situations. Of course children do not believe that you should be snooping into what they want to call their privacy. They also think they know everything and can make wise decisions. They think it is ok to text and drive, drink and drive and show their private parts while on spring break. Kids think they should not have to go to school or have a bedtime. Do I have to go on? I think you get the picture. Bottom line is, they are not paying for a phone, internet, computers, Ipads and the electricity it takes to keep them running and until they do those items are not theirs. They are the property of the parent or guardian and can be looked at, searched, monitored at anytime they please. My point is, if you’re not doing anything wrong then there should not be a problem with anyone looking at your text messages or emails which by the way are not private anyway. If you feel you should have privacy and you are old enough then get a job, be responsible, and pay for all of your things yourself and you may also want to move out on your own until then, As my mom says â€Å"My house, my rules.† Legally, parents have the right to monitor their childs communications simply because they are legally responsible for the childs actions. Parents are legally responsible for their children. I know of past cases where parents have been arrested for crimes a child has done and they also can be held financially responsible. The trust element also comes into play when both the teen and the parent know they can trust each other that their home is a place free of harmful communication. To do that, the parent has to actively monitor the media that the teen uses and engage in censorship, no matter how awful the word seems. It is simply the act of a responsible society that harmful communication is not displayed to children and that children do their part in respecting the laws of society. I am a teenager. I think parents should be able to monitor my personal life, specifically my texts, because of all the dangerous things in the world. You start to notice on the news teens using drugs more often than they have before. Using a simple text message to one of your friends about drugs or anything can start peer pressure. Youre not talking in person so its easier to text it then actually say it. I was reading a story on CNN about a computer programmer who figured out slang use of words to cover so parents wont get it. He does have a website up with the meaning of the slang use of words. I looked at one and it said â€Å"tdtml†. This means â€Å"talk dirty to me later†. Parents should be able to ask for the phone to see what they are talking about. They should be able to ask for it at random times. My parents also told me that they will check my phone whenever giving me a heads up that I will just hand it over at any time. This has helped me a lot in my life to stay away from peer pressure and many other things as well. Using the website noslang.com can help parents figure out what their kids are texting. Reading the CNN report on what they could code for words was absolutely amazing. Go to cnn.com and in the search bar type in Parents do you know what these texts mean?† Parents you will be stunned at the reports and the type of coding teens use in these days.

Organizational Development By Training And Development Management Essay

Organizational Development By Training And Development Management Essay Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style are four of the most important aspects in organizational studies. The focus of current study is to understand the affect of Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style on Organizational performance. The back bone of this study is the secondary data comprised of comprehensive literature review. Four Hypotheses are developed to see the Impact of all the independent variables on the overall Organizational Performance. The Hypotheses show that all these have significant affect on Organizational Performance. These Hypotheses came from the literature review and we have also proved them with the help of literature review. Results show that Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style have significant affect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. It means it increases the overal l organizational performance. We also prove our Hypothesis through empirical data. However, results are strongly based on the literature review. KEYWORDS: Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design, Delivery style, Organizational Performance. INTRODUCTION Training has the distinct role in the achievement of an organizational goal by incorporating the Interests of organization and the workforce. Now a days training is the most important factor in the business world because training increases the efficiency and the effectiveness of both employees and the organization. The employee performance depends on various factors. But the most important factor of employee performance is training. Training is important to enhance the capabilities of employees. The employees who have more on the job experience have better performance because there is an increase in the both skills competencies because of more on the job experience .Training also has impact on the return on investment. The organizational performance depends on the employee performance because human resource Capital of organization plays an important role in the growth and the organizational performance. So to improve the organizational performance and the employee performance, training is given to the employee of the organization. Thus the purpose of this study is to show the impact of training and the design of training on the employee performance. Training development increase the employee performance like the researcher said in his research that training development is an important activity to increase the performance of health sector organization .Another researcher said that employee performance is the important factor and the building block which increases the performance of overall organization. Employee performance depends on many factors like job satisfaction, knowledge and management but there is relationship between training and performance .This shows that employee performance is important for the performance of the organization and the and the training and development is beneficial for the employee to improve The main objective of our study is how the training increase the employee performance. Training increase or develop the managerial skills. despite focusing on efficiency and cost control the spending on training should increase because organization get more efficiency , effectiveness out of the training and development .This shows that training increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the organization. I think people are talking more about performance and results and consequences. They are not necessarily doing more about it. From this it is clear that training and development is the important factor. So the significance of our study is that the training improves performance. Thus the purpose of this study is to show the impact training development on the employee performance. Results are strongly based on the literature review. Results show that Training and Development, On the Job Training and Training Design and Delivery style have significant effect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. Training is important for the backbone of every organization and it is also the main resource of the organization. So organizations invest huge amount on the human resource capital because the performance of human resource will ultimately increase the performance of the organization. Performance is a major multidimensional construct a imed to achieve results and has a strong link to strategic goals of an organization .As researcher explains that performance is the key element to achieve the goals of the organization so to performance increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization which is helpful for the achievement of the organizational goals. But the question arise that how an employee can work more effectively and efficiently to increase the growth and the productivity of an organization. There are many factors which improves the work of the employee such as flexible scheduling, training etc. It is very necessary for the organization to design the training very carefully. The design of the training should be according to the needs of the employees. Those organizations which develop a good training design according to the need of the employees as well as to the organization always get good results. It seems that Training design plays a very vital role in the employee as well as organizational per formance. A bad training design is nothing but the loss of time and money. On the job training helps employees to get the knowledge of their job in a better way. It is cost effective and time saving. It is good for organization to give their employees on the job training so that their employees learnt in a practical way. Delivery style is a very important part of Training and Development. Employees are very conscious about the delivery style. If someone is not delivering the training in an impressive style and he is not capturing the attention of the audience it is means he is wasting the time. It is very necessary for a trainer to engage its audience during the training sess. Delivery style means so much in the Training and Development. It is very difficult for an employee to perform well at the job place without any pre-training. Trained employees perform well as compared to untrained employees. It is very necessary for any organization to give its employees training to get overall goals of the organization in a better way. Training and development increase the overall performance of the organization. Although it is costly to give training to the employees but in the long run it give back more than it took. Every organization should develop its employees according to the need of that time so that they could compete with their competitors. LITERATURE REVIEW Human resource is the very important and the People learn from their practical experience much better as compare to bookish knowledge. On the job training reduces cost and saves time. It is better for the organizations to give their employees on the job training because it is employees development and the employee development encourage self-fulfilling skills and abilities of employee, decreased operational costs, limits organizational liabilities and changing goals objectives THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK To implement the study following dependent and independent variables are shown in the theoretical HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT Hypothesis development is very important because acceptance and the rejection of hypothesis show the significance of the study. On the basis of literature review and above theoretical frame work we came to develop following hypothesis. In the training development organizational performance is also affected by the training design. Therefore our first hypothesis is: H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. To increase the knowledge and skills in the job training is given to the employees therefore our second hypothesis is: H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. During training development the delivery style of the person who is giving the training also affects the organizational performance so our third hypothesis is: H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance. By combining the above mentioned hypothesis our fourth hypothesis is: H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. METHODOLOGY The study sample comprised of 100 employees of different organizations of Islamabad, capital of Pakistan. The sample is mixed like both male and female. The data is collected through a questionnaire consists of 15 questions. All questions are close ended questions with the use of a five point Likert scale consisted of strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree. All questionnaires were distributed and collected by hand from the offices of the organizations in the office timings. Ninety five questionnaires were collected after one weak. 95 of them gave the response to our questionnaire. After checking them 79 were found correct and the respond rate was 83%. These 79 questionnaires were included in the study. The analysis of the questionnaire was undertaken using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). All mean and medians were calculated using SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the independent variables and to conclude the results on the basis of secondary and primary data. Most of the results consist of secondary data. DISCUSSION It is very necessary for the organization to design the training very carefully. The design of the training should be according to the needs of the employees. Those organizations which develop a good training design according to the need of the employees as well as to the organization always get good results. It seems that Training design plays a very vital role in the employee as well as organizational performance. a bad training design is nothing but the loss of time and money . All these results prove our first Hypothesis which is H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5 and 3-4, it means that most of our respondents think that Training Design has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our first hypothesis which is; H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance. If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our first hypothesis. On the job training helps employees to get the knowledge of their job in a better way. People learn from their practical experience much better as compare to bookish knowledge. On the job training reduces cost and saves time. It is better for the organizations to give their employees on the job training because it is cost effective and time saving. It is good for organization to give their employees on the job training so that their employees learnt in a practical way. All these results prove our second Hypothesis which is H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5 and 3-4, it means that most of our respondents think that On the Job Training has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our second hypothesis which is; H2: O the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our second hypothesis. Delivery style is a very important part of Training and Development. Employees are very conscious about the delivery. If someone is not delivering the training in an impressive style and he is not capturing the attention of the audience it is means he is wasting the time. It is very necessary for a trainer to engage its audience during the training session. Delivery style means so much in the Training and Development. All these results prove our third Hypothesis which is H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see the results some of the respondents disagree with the term that Delivery style has a significant effect on organizational performance. But most of the respondents lie between the brackets of 4-5. So if we consider the majority. The majority of our respondents say that delivery style is very important in the training. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our third hypothesis. It is very difficult for an employee to perform well at the job place without any pre-training. Trained employees perform well as compared to untrained employees. It is very necessary for any organization to give its employees training to get overall goals of the organization in a better way. Training and development increase the overall performance of the organization. Although it is costly to give training to the employees but in the long run it give back more than it took. Every organization should develop its employees according to the need of that time so that they could compete with their competitors. All these results prove our fourth Hypothesis which is H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. And it has a positive effect on the organizational performance. It improves the organizational performance. As we see in the table that most of the means are in between the bracket of 4-5, it means that most of our respondents think that Training and Development has significant affect on the organizational performance. This also proves our fourth hypothesis which is; H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. . If we see the z-test value it lies in the critical region. It means the data and the results are significant of our fourth hypothesis. MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Training and development is very important for an organization to compete with this challenging and changing world. Training and development is basically directly related to employee but its ultimate effect goes to organization because the end user is organization itself. This study will help organization to understand the importance of Training and Development. It will also help organization to understand which factors are important to keep in mind during the training and how a good training can be delivering to their employees. It will help them to understand that it is very necessary for them to give training to their employees so that they could perform the assign task in a better way. RECOMMENDATIONS In this research we review a lot of materials related to the variables used in this research and at the end we also proved our hypotheses. In the light of all this research and all the material which is being used to conduct this research and all the literature review we came to the decision that there should be Training and Development in every organization. Although we have review some disadvantages like it is costly to give training to the employees, but the advantages of Training are much more than its disadvantages which are briefly discussed in this study. We recommend that all organizations should provide Training their employees. We already have discussed that Training and Development have advantages not only for employee but the ultimate benefit is for the organization itself. If the performance of the employee is not good it will affect the whole organization. CONCLUSION Training and Development has positive effect on Organizational Performance. Discussion of all the results proves the hypotheses; H1: Training design has significant effect on the organizational performance, H2: On the job training has significant effect on the organizational performance, H3: Delivery style has significant effect on the organizational performance and H4: Training development has significant effect on the organizational performance. All these have positive effects on the Organizational Performance. It improves the Organizational Performance. On the Job Training is very effective and it also saves time and cost. Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style have significant effect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively affect the Organizational Performance. It means it increases the overall organizational performance. FUTURE STUDY Primary data is not collected; the study only depends on secondary data. Study can be conduct on different departments of the organizations that which department needs more training and development. Study focus on gender can also provide different results and one can conduct a study on different types training and development programs. REFRENCES 1. Stone R J. (2002), Human Resource Management 2nd Edition, Jhon Wiley Sons 2002. 2. Fakhar Ul Afaq, Anwar Khan (2008), Case of Pearl Continental hotels in Pakistan, Relationship of training with Employees Performance in Hoteling Industry. 3. Richard Chang Associates, INC., Measuring the impact of traning, demonstrate the measureable results and return on investment. 4. Iftikhar Ahmad and Siraj ud Din,Gomal Medical College and Gomal University, D.I.Khan,Pakistan(2009),EVALUATING TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 5. Chris Amisano, (2010), eHow contributer Relationship between traning and employee performance. 6. Robart T.Rosti Jr, Frank shipper, (1998), A study of the impact of traning in a management development programm based on 360 feedbacks. 7. Workforce.com, (May 22, 2006), Special report: Traning and Development). Roger Kaufman-FloridaState University Donald Nickels,M.A,(2009), http://blogs.payscale.com/compensation/2009/09/ef fects-of-training-on-employee-performance.html 8. Michael Armstrong. 2000. Understanding training. Human Resource Management Practice. 8th Edition. Kogan page limited, London. pp:543 9. Mark A. Griffin. Andrew Neal.2000. Perceptions of Safety at Work: A Framework for Linking Safety Climate to Safety Performance, Knowledge, and Motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology Vol. 5(3), pp:347-358 10. Phillip Seamen .Anita Eves. 2005. The management of food safety-the role of food hygiene training in the UK service sector. International journal of hospitality management Vol. 25(2), pp: 278-296 11. Thomas N. Garavan. 1997. Interpersonal skills training for quality service interactions Industrial and Commercial Training Vol. 29 (3) ,pp:70-77 12. Carlos A. Primo Braga.1995. The Impact of the Internationalization of Services on Developing Countries. Article based on a World Bank report, Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries Washington. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/fandd/english/0396/article s/070396.htm 13. Ginsberg, L.1997. Training for the long haul. Computer Shopper. Vol: 17, p: 4 14. Tsaur, S.H., Lin, Y.C.2004. Promoting service quality in tourist hotels: the role of HRM practices and service behavior, Tourism Management, Vol. 25 pp.471- 15. Flynn, B.B., Schroeder, R.G., Sakakibara, S. 1995. The impact of quality management practices on performance and competitive advantage, Decision Sciences, Vol. 26 pp.659-91 16. Tom Baum. Frances Devine. 2007. Skills and training in the hotel sector: The Case of front office employment in Northern Ireland. Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol: 7, pp: 269-280 17. Shepard, Jon Robert W. Greene. 2003. Sociology and You. Ohio Glencoe McGraw-Hill. 18. Ruth Taylor, Doug Davies. 2004. Aspects of training and remuneration in the accommodation industry. Journal of European Industrial Training. Vol: 28(6), pp:1-2. 19. Partlow, C.G. 1996. Human-resources practices of TQM hotels, Cornell Hotel Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 37 No.5, pp.67-77 20. Deming, W.E. 1982. Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position, MIT Center for Advanced Engineering, Cambridge, MA.

Glacial Till :: miscellaneous

Glacial Till The characteristics of glacial till reflect the erosional, transportational and depositional history of the constituent sediment.’ Glacial till is a heterogeneous mixture of rock fragments ranging in size from clay to boulders and is deposited directly from glacial ice without water transport. (Strahler A. H. & Strahler A. N. 1976). Ice sheets deposited in the Pleistocene period may be more than 30 m deep and inevitably the constituents of glacial till will reflect the retreats, advances and stationary phases of the ice which have taken place during the history of a glacier since its formation. I shall outline the various forms of glacial till, giving consideration to the type of prevailing climatic conditions which give rise to their formation and deposition to illustrate how the constituent sediment does provide evidence for glacial activity over time. As glaciers are so effective at erosion and transport, large quantities of debris is also associated with them. According to it’s location with respect to the glacier, such debris transported as ice mass may be divided into three main categories. There are three main positions that a glacier can transport debris, englacial debris which occurs within the glacier, supraglacial debris which occurs on the glacier surface and subglacial debris which occurs on the base of the glacier, (please look at figure 15.12 below). While debris is being transported it may remain in any one of these positions until it is deposited by the ice directly or it may end up being reworked by melt water. Deposition of the transported material is a complex process, but the fraction deposited directly from the ice is called till. It consists of a wide range of grain sizes, so it is often referred to as boulder clay. It also posses very little stratification and frequently contains far travelled erratic material, which tends to have clast with edges and corners blunted by abrasion. (Briggs D. Et. Al. 1997) There are two main different types of till which have been recognised, lodgement till and ablation till. Lodgement till is laid down subglacially when debris is released directly from the sole of the ice. Ablation till accumulates initially in a supraglacial position and is later lowered to the ground surface by undermelting. Ablation till can be further subdivided into meltout till and flow till. Meltout till is a direct product of ablation continuing beneath a cover of detritus and flow till consists of debris that has built up on ice and after saturation with melt water becomes so unstable that it flows or slumps into near by hollows.

Texas Conventions :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The state of Texas has some of the most prestigious and accommodating conventions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Texas is the constituent state of the United States of America, lying in the southcentral United States. It is bounded on the north by Oklahoma, on the east by Arkansas and Louisiana, on the southeast by the Gulf of Mexico, on the southwest by Mexico, and on the west by New Mexico. Texas is the largest of the U.S. states besides Alaska. It is both diverse in population and rich in natural resources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being the capital of Texas, Austin has one of the nicest convention centers. â€Å"There’s a freedom you begin to feel the closer you get to Austin†¦it’s a great place to live.† –Willie Nelson. The Austin Convention Center has a convention and meeting planning team. The planning team will:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assist you with the invitation or bidding process to bring your professional organization to Austin for a meeting.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relay your detailed meeting information within 24 hours to the hotel community requesting them to submit rates, dates and other meeting information directly to you by your deadline; this ‘one-stop shopping’ saves you from tracking down the right salesperson at all hotels and repeating the same detailed information over and over again.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inform you of availability of the hotel rooms in the city for any given dates by consulting our convention and meeting calendar.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Provide you with the convention services, such as brochures and visitor guides for your attendees.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Help with housing and registration.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Help you access suppliers for a number of meeting-related services.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attendance boosters. (www.askjeeves.com â€Å"conventions†) The current Austin Convention Center should double in size from 411,000 to 881,400 total square feet. During the first seven years, from 1992 to 1999, over 2.4 million people attended over 1,220 events, including 135 public consumer shows, 256 conventions, 514 conferences, meetings, and seminars, 57 business trade shows, and 209 food and beverage-only events. Over 50% of the events have represented repeat business since the second full year of operation which shows that people like the convention center. The Austin Convention Center received near-perfect marks in the 1998-1999 Fiscal Year Client Evaluation Surveys. It scored an overall rating of 4.52 when the highest to be received is 5 points. 97% of clients said they would definitely reschedule another event at the Austin Convention Center. During the last fiscal year (1997-1998), 36 conventions had a direct dollar impact of over $95 million to the city of Austin. (Austin Convention & Visitors Bureau).

Columbus?s Arrival :: Christopher Columbus Essays

Columbus’s Arrival A lot of people would agree that Christopher Columbus was the founder of and first to discover America. On the other hand, people have come to the conclusion that Christopher Columbus was the worst thing that could have ever happened to America. This is the question were trying to find, would it have been better if he never even discovered this unexplored continent? Through all of my research and interviews I’ve come to this conclusion. There are to many good and bad arguments dealing with Columbus, too many to even make my own decision but here are a few things that other people in my generation have to say. Before Christopher Columbus came, life in this unexplored territory was vast and extremely empty except for the native Americans that inhabited a few separated acres of this continent. They were here before anybody they had discovered Cuba, the west coast and even the Pacific Coast of California. Life was plain and simple for the Natives, they had adequate amounts of food and water they had treatments for almost all diseases they were just fine and dandy except for the occasional tribal war over land. Soon that life was about to change and all credit is given by most to Christopher Columbus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"First of all he never even reached America, he landed in Cuba. Second he, not personally, was the reason for thousands of Native Americans deaths†. Indigo Rodriguez. â€Å"He brought over so many diseases that there really was no chance for the natives to survive.† Cort Zimmerman. His arrival brought so many horrific things but the one that really caught my attention from what people said was that of the forcing of the Christian religion on the natives. The Spanish (Columbus), came over with a mentality of, our religion is the only one that will lead you to heaven so either you convert or we’ll kill you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I’m sorry to say this but if things didn’t happen the way they did, society and religion wouldn’t be as prosperous as it is today. We could still be learning how electricity works if it weren’t for him†¦ This county might not even of turned out Democratic, the Russians could of got here first and actually of prospered with a communist society.† Dimitri Boyd. I asked people of what they thought of science and evolution and the response from a majority was that of â€Å"I’m all for it, I wouldn’t have such a cool car if it wasn’t for science. Columbus?s Arrival :: Christopher Columbus Essays Columbus’s Arrival A lot of people would agree that Christopher Columbus was the founder of and first to discover America. On the other hand, people have come to the conclusion that Christopher Columbus was the worst thing that could have ever happened to America. This is the question were trying to find, would it have been better if he never even discovered this unexplored continent? Through all of my research and interviews I’ve come to this conclusion. There are to many good and bad arguments dealing with Columbus, too many to even make my own decision but here are a few things that other people in my generation have to say. Before Christopher Columbus came, life in this unexplored territory was vast and extremely empty except for the native Americans that inhabited a few separated acres of this continent. They were here before anybody they had discovered Cuba, the west coast and even the Pacific Coast of California. Life was plain and simple for the Natives, they had adequate amounts of food and water they had treatments for almost all diseases they were just fine and dandy except for the occasional tribal war over land. Soon that life was about to change and all credit is given by most to Christopher Columbus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"First of all he never even reached America, he landed in Cuba. Second he, not personally, was the reason for thousands of Native Americans deaths†. Indigo Rodriguez. â€Å"He brought over so many diseases that there really was no chance for the natives to survive.† Cort Zimmerman. His arrival brought so many horrific things but the one that really caught my attention from what people said was that of the forcing of the Christian religion on the natives. The Spanish (Columbus), came over with a mentality of, our religion is the only one that will lead you to heaven so either you convert or we’ll kill you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I’m sorry to say this but if things didn’t happen the way they did, society and religion wouldn’t be as prosperous as it is today. We could still be learning how electricity works if it weren’t for him†¦ This county might not even of turned out Democratic, the Russians could of got here first and actually of prospered with a communist society.† Dimitri Boyd. I asked people of what they thought of science and evolution and the response from a majority was that of â€Å"I’m all for it, I wouldn’t have such a cool car if it wasn’t for science.

Research Methods Course Outline Essay

The course aims at deepening the students understanding of the integration of Airports as a key part of the economy in less than one century since their inception. It also helps the students learn about the dynamics of the airports and the challenges facing the growth of airports as part of the service sector. The students get to know and understand the forces involved in running and maintaining an airport system. Topics to be covered 1. Introduction a) What is operations management and what does it involve? b) Why is airport operations management important in the running of airports? 2. Background of Airport business a) History and commercialization of airports b) Description of the air transport system 3. Queuing theory a) What is queuing theory b) Importance of queuing theory in airport operations c) Service structure in a queuing system 4. Airport Facility location and layout a) Importance of airport facility location b) Importance of airport layout 5. Airport technical and essential services a) What are airport technical services b) History of airport technical services c) Other essential services at airports 6. Airport Capacity and delay a) Factors affecting capacity and delay in commercial airports b) Strategies to reduce airport delays. c) Grand Father rights and their effects on airport delays 7. Airport Aircraft emergencies a) Definition of Aircraft Accidents and Incidents b) Description of aircraft accidents by phase of flight c) Managing human factors to reduce aircraft accidents d) Categories of aircraft emergencies at airports e) Airport emergency plan 8. Financing of airport operations and business a) What is financing b) Budgeting for airport operations c) Sources of Airport Revenues d) Funding of airport operations 9. Managing airport projects a) What is project Management b) Project management skills and requirements c) Feasibility study for projects 10. Comparison of leaders and managers a) Why are firms changing from management to leadership b) Comparison of various leadership theoriesapplicable to airport operations management 11. The future of the airport business and operations a) Planning for future development and expansion of airports b) Managing the â€Å"knock on† effects in the airport business c) Challenges facing the airport business and the aviation industry. d) Conclusion of the course.